On Election Day, NASA Astronaut Leroy Chiao cast his ballot from the most remote location to date: aboard the International Space Station, some 230 miles above the Earth’s atmosphere. After the Galveston

County Clerk emailed Chiao an encrypted ballot, NASA Mission Control took the lead. By relying on its Orbital Communications Adapter that uses Exchange Server 2003 and Outlook 2003, Commander Chiao exercised his right to vote. According to Scott Curtis, NASA operations planner, “We have Microsoft Outlook onboard and on the ground and we do regular synch ups with the astronauts two or three times a day.”